TXSCOPE
Engine · Technical Deep-Dive

How TxScope screens transactions before a multisig signs.

TxScope analyzes the exact Solana transaction a signer is being asked to approve. It simulates the transaction, interprets protocol context, and returns a signer-facing verdict with evidence to check before approval. This page explains the mechanism and limits without publishing a rulebook that can be copied or gamed.

Pre-sign scannerMainnet simulationProtocol-aware decoding31 protocol familiesRead-only
Overview

The product is the signer gate

Input is a serialized Solana transaction plus multisig context. Output is a report with decoded execution context, state changes, findings, a calibrated verdict, and signer-facing verification guidance.

The core mechanism is simple: parse the transaction, simulate it against live chain state, enrich what the raw bytes mean, and reduce the evidence into a verdict before the signature is granted. TxScope is designed for the moment where a protocol can still stop a bad transaction, not only explain it after it lands.

The moat is not a secret prompt. It is transaction-level evidence, protocol knowledge, incident regression, and a conservative decision layer that refuses to label ambiguity as safety.

1
Ingest

Resolve the transaction structure, signer set, writable accounts, and governance context.

2
Simulate

Execute against current on-chain state and extract account, token, and CPI evidence.

3
Decode

Apply protocol-aware registries, IDLs, and semantic enrichment where coverage exists.

4
Decide

Reduce the evidence into a signer-facing verdict while keeping immature signals from overfiring.

5
Explain

Emit the report, evidence checklist, and trigger list a signer can inspect.

Inputs

What actually feeds a verdict

TxScope is not source-code verification and it is not a brand reputation oracle. It reasons over the transaction, the simulated execution result, curated protocol knowledge, and explicit analysis gaps.

Transaction bytes + execution result

The transaction is read as submitted, then simulated against live state so TxScope can reason over what the chain would do right now, not what a UI claims it does.

Structured state changes

Native balance changes, token movements, account-state mutations, and CPI context are surfaced as first-class evidence instead of opaque blobs.

Protocol knowledge

Known programs, governance adapters, bundled IDLs, and registry context turn more of the transaction into reviewable semantics.

Visible uncertainty

Unknown programs, unresolved instructions, stale dependencies, and incomplete analysis remain explicit. Clean-looking ambiguity is more dangerous than visible ambiguity.

Knowledge layer

Protocol-aware decoding without pretending omniscience

Raw Solana transactions are too opaque to review reliably if you stop at program IDs and account indices. TxScope ships a protocol-knowledge layer so common governance, lending, AMM, bridge, and treasury workflows resolve into recognizable actions.

But we deliberately preserve uncertainty. If a program is unresolved, newly deployed, registry-only, or only partially decoded, that ambiguity remains visible in the report and can elevate the signer friction. We do not paper over unknowns with a confident story.

Curated coverage
31

Protocol families tracked through a maintained catalog instead of a flat allowlist.

Bundled decoding
13

Programs with shipped IDL-backed enrichment for stronger semantic decoding.

Explicit unknowns
26

Registry-only programs that remain high-friction when the engine cannot decode enough structure safely.

Calibration

How we keep pre-sign signal usable

A pre-sign engine fails in two opposite ways: it misses known exploit shapes, or it labels everything suspicious and trains signers to ignore it. TxScope is tuned against both failure modes.

Exploit corpus
Known-incident checks

Public case studies and internal regression checks guard against losing coverage on exploit classes Solana protocols already know matter.

Routine operations
Noise control

The engine is checked against ordinary governance and treasury activity so normal maintenance does not become a stream of meaningless red alerts.

Promotion discipline
Evidence before trust

New signals can be observed and measured before they are allowed to dominate signer-facing verdicts. Mature categories carry more weight than speculative heuristics.

Decision layer

The verdict is calibrated, not theatrical

TxScope reduces the evidence surface to three outputs: BLOCK, CAUTION, and Clear for review. Those labels are only useful if they remain scarce enough to mean something.

We do not publish a complete public trigger map, because that would be a gift to anyone trying to design around the edges. What we do expose is the structure of the decision: control-plane changes, unresolved execution context, material value movement, exploit-shape correlation, and signer-relevant evidence gaps all feed the verdict, and the report shows which triggers fired.

The production scanner is intentionally strict at approval time. Internal calibration workflows help tune noise, but the customer-facing decision is judged on whether it stops dangerous approvals before they are signed.

BLOCK

Reserved for signer-facing conditions that are materially unsafe or too unresolved to trust at the moment of approval. These labels must stay meaningful.

CAUTION

Used when the transaction may be legitimate but contains enough risk, ambiguity, or unusual structure that manual verification is required before signing.

Clear for review

Means the engine did not find a known threat pattern or enough unresolved risk to escalate. It does not mean “safe,” and TxScope never uses that word.

Report surface

What a signer or reviewer actually gets

The output is not just a color badge. A TxScope report includes a decoded instruction trace, structured state diff, matched shapes, plain-English mechanism summary, explicit verification checklist, and verdict triggers that explain why the label moved.

This matters because the report should remain useful even if the reader disagrees with the final verdict. The evidence has to stand on its own.

Plain-English summary

A signer-readable explanation of the mechanism and the main danger, grounded in the structured report rather than treated as the source of truth.

State diff and instruction trace

The exact places to cross-check addresses, token amounts, admin changes, and invoked programs against explorer data.

Verification checklist

Evidence the signer must verify externally before approving, phrased as concrete checks rather than intent-confirmation traps.

Verdict triggers

A compact account of why the label moved. Enough to audit the decision, without publishing a full evasion guide.

Honest limits

What the engine does not prove

No source-level proof

TxScope does not prove that a program is bug-free. It reasons over transactions and execution context, not over Rust source or formal program correctness.

Simulation is still time-bound

The report reflects chain state at analysis time. Oracle values, balances, authorities, and surrounding context can drift before execution.

Coverage has a ceiling

No pre-sign engine catches every novel attack. The right question is whether the product catches known dangerous classes and still preserves usable signer signal on routine traffic.

Unknowns remain part of the answer

When decoding or external dependencies are incomplete, the report says so. We do not convert missing evidence into a reassuring story.

We do not say “safe”

The strongest positive signal is that no known threat was detected in simulation. The signer still owns the approval decision.

Verify the claim

How protocols can cross-check us

  1. Open a known incident from /case-studies and compare the current engine report against explorer data, not against our marketing.
  2. On the Cashio report, verify the 2,000,000,000-unit token movement and the authority-related state changes against the chain data shown for that transaction.
  3. On the Drift reports, verify the durable-nonce status, the authority handoff, and the post-change control surface from the structured fields, not just the headline label.
  4. Cross-check the exact addresses, amounts, and programs named in the report against the state diff, instruction trace, and external explorer.
  5. Read the verdict triggers. If you disagree with the conclusion, you should still be able to see the evidence that moved it.
  6. Test normal protocol-maintenance transactions too. The scanner should preserve friction for risky approvals without teaching your team to ignore every warning.
Evidence

Public proof surface

The public proof surface is intentionally narrow. It shows coverage breadth, protocol depth, and current-engine case-study behavior without publishing exact detector thresholds or internal calibration data.

Catalog coverage
172/217
79% full or partial
Protocol depth
31
50 tracked programs
Incident checks
7
7 CAUTION+ · 5 BLOCK in public incident checks
Protocol surfaces
50
7 governance adapters
Coverage posture
Full coverage131
Partial coverage41
Missing42
Out of scope3
Knowledge posture
Bundled IDL programs13
Live fallback programs19
Registry-only programs26
Governance adapters7
Incident posture
BLOCK outcomes5
CAUTION+ outcomes7
BLOCK examples5
Average risk score83
Public incident examples7
Ready to inspect a real transaction?

Paste a Squads URL, vault address, or raw transaction. Then compare the report against the chain data yourself.